This article is based on the comprehensive review “Asthma epidemiology and risk factors,” published in Seminars in Immunopathology  (Volume 42, pages 21–40) in 2020 by Dr. Jessica Stern, Dr. Jennifer Pier, and Dr. Augusto A. Litonjua from the University of Rochester, USA. The authors are leading experts and researchers in the fields of allergy, immunology, and pulmonary medicine, with extensive clinical and academic experience in the study and treatment of asthma. In the foll

The information that follows is based on the large-scale systematic review “Preschool wheezing and asthma in children: a systematic review of guidelines and quality appraisal with the Agree II Instrument,”  published in 2020 in the journal Pediatric Allergy and Immunology . The article is the result of the work of a multidisciplinary international team of leading experts in pediatric pulmonology, allergology, and pediatrics, united in the EAACI Task Force on Clinical Practice

This article is entirely based on the guidelines and conclusions presented in the review article “Guidelines for the management of asthma in adults: Evidence and recommendations,”  published in the Asian Pacific Journal of Allergy and Immunology . The publication was developed by a multidisciplinary team of leading physicians and scientists in pulmonary medicine, allergology, and emergency medicine in Thailand, with contributions from specialists affiliated with major univers

The information presented here is based on the latest scientific consensus published in the article “Disease Modification in Asthma: Are We on the Right Way? A Multidisciplinary Expert Delphi Consensus (MODIASTHMA Consensus)” , featured in the Journal of Asthma and Allergy  in 2024. The author team is multidisciplinary and includes leading experts in allergology, pulmonology, and pediatrics from university and specialized hospitals in Spain. These specialists bring extensive

This article summarizes the most important practical questions and answers for people living with asthma, based on the leading scientific publication “Key recommendations for primary care from the 2022 Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) update,”  published in 2023 in npj Primary Care Respiratory Medicine  (doi: 10.1038/s41533-023-00330-1). This publication was created by an international team of leading physicians and researchers in the field of respiratory diseases, includi

The information below is entirely based on the authoritative medical reference The Washington Manual of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology , 2nd Edition (2013), edited by Dr. Shirley Joo and Dr. Andrew L. Kau—both prominent experts in allergy and clinical immunology at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, USA. This publication is the collaborative work of numerous physicians, educators, and researchers with extensive clinical and academic experience, combining

What Is Asthma? Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways affecting millions of people worldwide—about 339 million, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). It is characterized by episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, which result from temporary narrowing and inflammation of the bronchial tubes (Gaillard et al., 2021; Louis et al., 2022). While asthma cannot be completely cured, with proper control and treatment, pati