Kidney diseases

The information in this article is entirely based on the most up-to-date international consensus, published in July 2024 in the...

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is one of the most significant and common complications in modern hospital medicine, affecting both adults and children, but with especially severe outcomes in patients with multiple underlying health conditions. In order to provide patients and their loved ones with the most up-to-date and evidence-based answers to key questions, this article draws on one of the latest and most authoritative sources in the field: the review article “Acute kidney inj

This article is based on the most up-to-date and internationally recognized guideline for managing blood pressure in chronic kidney disease – the KDIGO 2021 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Blood Pressure in Chronic Kidney Disease  ( Kidney International, 2021, 99, S1–S87 ). The guideline is the result of collaboration among leading global experts—nephrologists, clinical researchers, and practicing physicians—organized under the international body Kidney Dise

The information presented in the following questions and answers is entirely based on the scientific review “Clinical...

This article presents the most up-to-date and reliable information on chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD), based on the publication US Renal Data System 2020 Annual Data Report: Epidemiology of Kidney Disease in the United States , published in the American Journal of Kidney Diseases  (2021, Volume 77, Suppl 1). The report was prepared by a multidisciplinary team of leading American physicians, scientists, and researchers in nephrology, epidemiolog

Kidney Failure: A Comprehensive and Up-to-Date Overview   (Based on the latest peer-reviewed research, clinical guidelines, and official sources from 2020–2024) Brief Overview Kidney failure—also known as renal failure or end-stage renal disease (ESRD)—is a serious medical condition in which the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products and excess fluids from the blood. This leads to a buildup of toxins and fluids in the body, which can be life-threatening without t

This article presents the most important information that patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) need to know, summarized in five key questions and answers. It is entirely based on the monograph Chronic Kidney Disease and Renal Transplantation  (2012), published by INTECH Open Access Publisher. The volume was edited by Professor Manisha Sahay, a nephrology specialist at Osmania General Hospital & Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, India. The book brings together the expe

This article summarizes the most essential and up-to-date scientific information about chronic kidney disease (CKD) that every patient and their loved ones should be aware of. The following questions and answers are based on the authoritative textbook Chronic Kidney Disease, Dialysis, and Transplantation: A Companion to Brenner and Rector’s The Kidney  (2018). This publication was developed by leading nephrology experts— Jonathan Himmelfarb, MD , Professor of Medicine, Direct

This content is based on the review article "Overview of the findings and advances in the neurocognitive and psychosocial functioning of mild to moderate pediatric CKD: perspectives from the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) cohort study" , published in 2021 in the journal Pediatric Nephrology . The article was authored by a team led by Professor Stephen R. Hooper (University of North Carolina School of Medicine) and includes leading experts in pediatric nephrology, p

This article is based on the publication “The global burden of chronic kidney disease”  in the prestigious medical journal The Lancet  (2020), authored by Dr. Paul Cockwell and Dr. Lori-Ann Fisher. The authors are renowned nephrology specialists affiliated with Queen Elizabeth Hospital, the University Hospital of the West Indies, and the University of Birmingham. They bring extensive clinical and research experience in the treatment and study of chronic kidney disease (CKD). 

The information presented in this article is entirely based on the findings of the large-scale study "Evaluating the associations between compliance with CKD guideline component metrics and renal outcomes" , published in 2024 in Scientific Reports . The research team includes physicians and scientists with extensive experience from leading Japanese universities and medical centers, including Shiga University of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Okayama University, Nagoya Un

What Is Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)? Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive, long-term impairment of kidney function in which the kidneys gradually lose their ability to filter blood and eliminate waste products from the body. CKD is diagnosed when there is impaired kidney function or structural changes that persist for more than three months—often without noticeable symptoms in the early stages. Globally, CKD is one of the most significant public health issues, affec