Diabetes

The information presented in the following questions and answers is entirely based on the scientific review “Clinical...

Introduction In recent years, our understanding of type 1 diabetes has rapidly evolved—not only in clinical care but also in medical technology and fundamental research. This overview is based entirely on one of the most recent and authoritative scientific articles on the subject: “New advances in type 1 diabetes” , published in 2024 in the British Medical Journal (BMJ) . The article was authored by Dr. Savitha Subramanian, Dr. Farah Khan, and Dr. Irl B. Hirsch—experienced re

Introduction This article is based on the 2021 consensus report titled “The Management of Type 1 Diabetes in Adults”  by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), published in Diabetes Care  (Vol. 44, pp. 2589–2625). The report was authored by leading diabetes experts including Dr. Richard Holt (University of Southampton, UK), Dr. Hans de Vries (Amsterdam UMC, Netherlands), Dr. Amy Hess-Fischl (University of Chicago

Introduction This article is based entirely on the scientific review “Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus” , published in 2020 in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences  (Vol. 21, Issue 17, Article #6275). The review was authored by an international team of leading researchers in molecular medicine and biochemistry from institutions in the United States and Spain, including the Biofisika Institute, the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the U

Introduction  The following information is based entirely on the peer-reviewed scientific article “Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Multi-Target Drugs” , published in 2020 in the internationally recognized journal Molecules  (Volume 25, Issue 8, Article 1987). The authors of this review — Angelica Artasensi, Alessandro Pedretti, Giulio Vistoli, and Laura Fumagalli — are researchers and professors at the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences at the University of Milan, It

Introduction This article is based on recommendations and analysis from the 2024 publication “Newer Pharmacologic Treatments in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Clinical Guideline From the American College of Physicians” , published in the Annals of Internal Medicine . The guideline was developed by the Clinical Guidelines Committee (CGC) of the American College of Physicians (ACP)—a multidisciplinary team of 14 experts, primarily internal medicine specialists, along with repre

Introduction   Type 1 and type 2 diabetes affect millions of people across the globe. Yet, many patients and their loved ones remain unclear about the complex nature of these conditions and the latest approaches to managing them. Although the causes of each type are different, both share many common complications and challenges—making it essential to understand the conditions thoroughly and take an informed, holistic approach to care. In this article, we answer some of the mo

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is now one of the most actively researched autoimmune diseases of our time, affecting millions of people worldwide—including an increasing number of children and young adults. For decades, treatment centered almost exclusively on insulin replacement therapy—a standard, uniform approach that often fails to meet the unique needs of every individual patient. But today, modern science is uncovering the incredible complexity of this disease, from its diverse

Introduction Diabetes, or diabetes mellitus, is a chronic metabolic condition marked by consistently high blood sugar levels. If left...

AUDIO: Introduction   This article is entirely based on the consensus report by the American Diabetes Association titled "Heart Failure: An Underappreciated Complication of Diabetes. A Consensus Report of the American Diabetes Association,"  published in Diabetes Care  in 2022. The report was prepared by a multidisciplinary team of leading experts in endocrinology, cardiology, and internal medicine, with participation from the American College of Cardiology and prestigious in