The following information is based on the publication “Exploring Current Concepts and Challenges in the Identification and Management of Early-Stage COPD”  (J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 5293). The article was authored by a multidisciplinary team of leading Spanish specialists: Esperanza Doña, Rocío Reinoso-Arija, Laura Carrasco-Hernandez, Adolfo Doménech, Antonio Dorado, and José Luis Lopez-Campos. These experts work in university hospitals and respiratory departments in Malaga an

This material is based on the latest and most comprehensive scientific consensus report from the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD): “Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2023 Report: GOLD Executive Summary”  (American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Vol 207, Issue 7, 2023). The document was prepared by an international team of leading pulmonologists, medical researchers, and clinicians, including: Prof. Alvar Ag

This article is entirely based on the latest and most comprehensive scientific report from the GOLD initiative (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease), published in 2023 in the prestigious American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine . The document was developed by an international team of leading experts in pulmonary diseases and clinical medicine, including Prof. Alvar Agustí (University Hospital Barcelona), Prof. Bartolome Celli (Harvard Medi

This article is entirely based on the latest and most comprehensive scientific report from the GOLD initiative (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease), published in 2023 in the prestigious American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine . The document was developed by an international team of leading experts in pulmonary diseases and clinical medicine, including Prof. Alvar Agustí (University Hospital Barcelona), Prof. Bartolome Celli (Harvard Medi

This article summarizes the most important and up-to-date information for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), based entirely on the peer-reviewed scientific publication "The 2023 GOLD Report: Updated Guidelines for Inhaled Pharmacological Therapy in Patients with Stable COPD,"  published in the journal Pulmonary Therapy  in 2023. The authors of this publication are Dr. Paul D. Terry and Dr. Rajiv Dhand—respected medical professionals, educators, and cl

This article is based on the scientific publication “GOLD 2023: Highlights for Primary Care,”  published in npj Primary Care Respiratory Medicine (2023) , with lead author Prof. Alvar Agustí (Cátedra Salud Respiratoria, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Spain), co-authored by Dr. Antoni Sisó-Almirall, Dr. Miguel Román, and Prof. Klaus F. Rabe, together with the expert team from the GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) Scientific Committee. The

Introduction: What Is COPD? Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive, long-term lung condition characterized by irreversible limitation of airflow to and from the lungs. This breathing disorder results in persistent respiratory symptoms such as shortness of breath, chronic cough, and production of sputum. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the latest Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD 2025) report, COPD is defin