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AUDIO: Myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, is an acute cardiovascular event in which the blood flow to a portion of the heart muscle is suddenly interrupted. This results in ischemia (lack of oxygen) and subsequent necrosis—irreversible death of heart cells. The myocardium is the muscular tissue of the heart—the main "pumping" part responsible for the contractions that maintain circulation. Thanks to the constant work of the myocardium, blood reaches all

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common, yet often misunderstood, functional gastrointestinal disorders. Its symptoms can range from mild to disabling and frequently lead to a significant reduction in the quality of life for those affected. In an effort to provide the best possible knowledge and practical guidance for diagnosis and treatment, a large team of leading Indian gastroenterologists, researchers, and clinicians collaborated to create one of the most

The information in this article is entirely based on the comprehensive scientific review "Intestinal Microbiota And Diet in IBS: Causes, Consequences, or Epiphenomena?"  published in the prestigious journal The American Journal of Gastroenterology  (2015, Volume 110, pp. 278–287), DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2014.427. The authors include renowned scientists and clinicians from various countries and fields, such as Mirjana Rajilić-Stojanović (PhD, University of Belgrade), Daisy M. Jonker

The information in this article has been carefully selected and summarized based on the most up-to-date scientific publication, "Causative Factors, Clinical Manifestations, and Therapeutic Strategies for Irritable Bowel Syndrome"  (Cureus, 2024), by Khushi Anand and Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib—researchers and practicing physicians from Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College at the Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (India). Dr. Anand and Dr. Khatib are experts in int

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders, affecting millions of people worldwide and significantly impacting patients’ quality of life. In search of the most up-to-date and evidence-based answers, this article draws entirely from the review “Diagnosis and Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Review” , published in 2020 in one of the most respected medical journals— JAMA (Journal of the American Medical Association) . T

This article presents a synthesized and patient-friendly overview, based entirely on the peer-reviewed scientific review "Increasing Evidence That Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Have a Microbial Pathogenesis,"  published in Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology  in September 2020. The review was authored by a team of scientists and researchers from renowned institutions in New Zealand and Australia, including Massey University, t