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The information in this article is based on the latest scientific review “Key Interleukins in Inflammatory Bowel Disease – A Review of Recent Studies,”  published in 2025 in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences . The study was led by Professor David Aebisher (Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of The Rzeszów University, Poland). Co-authors of the publication include Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher, Agnieszka Przygórzewska, and Paweł Woźnic

This article is based entirely on the most recent publication “Challenges in IBD Research 2024: Precision Medicine,”  published in the prestigious journal Inflammatory Bowel Diseases  in 2024. The authors are a multidisciplinary team of leading international researchers, clinicians, and patient organization representatives, including pediatricians, gastroenterologists, biologists, medical technology experts, and patient-experts from universities and research institutions acro

The information in this article is based on the most recent and widely recognized treatment guideline for Crohn’s disease, published in the Journal of Crohn’s and Colitis  in 2020 under the title “ECCO Guidelines on Therapeutics in Crohn’s Disease: Medical Treatment.”  The guideline was developed by 48 leading gastroenterologists, surgeons, and researchers from across Europe, selected by the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation (ECCO) based on their expertise, academic a

This article is based on the most recent clinical guidelines from the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA), published in the journal Gastroenterology  in 2020: “AGA Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Moderate to Severe Ulcerative Colitis”  (Feuerstein JD, Isaacs KL, Schneider Y, Siddique SM, Falck-Ytter Y, Singh S, on behalf of the AGA Institute Clinical Guidelines Committee). The team behind this document includes leading gastroenterologists, clinica

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) encompasses two major chronic conditions—Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. These are autoimmune, multisystem disorders that primarily affect the digestive system, but they often impact other organs as well. Crohn’s disease can affect any part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract—from the mouth to the anus—and is characterized by “skip lesions” (segmental inflammatory activity) and involvement of all layers of the intestinal wall. In contra

AUDIO: Blood pressure (or arterial pressure) is the force that blood exerts on the walls of the arterial system—a key indicator of the body’s hemodynamic state. At its core, blood pressure results from the interaction between cardiac output (the volume of blood pumped by the heart per unit of time) and total peripheral resistance, which is primarily determined by the arterioles—the smallest blood vessels responsible for regulating blood flow to tissues. Regulating arterial pr