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The information presented in the following questions and answers is entirely based on the scientific review “Clinical...

This article presents the most up-to-date and reliable information on chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD), based on the publication US Renal Data System 2020 Annual Data Report: Epidemiology of Kidney Disease in the United States , published in the American Journal of Kidney Diseases  (2021, Volume 77, Suppl 1). The report was prepared by a multidisciplinary team of leading American physicians, scientists, and researchers in nephrology, epidemiolog

Kidney Failure: A Comprehensive and Up-to-Date Overview   (Based on the latest peer-reviewed research, clinical guidelines, and official sources from 2020–2024) Brief Overview Kidney failure—also known as renal failure or end-stage renal disease (ESRD)—is a serious medical condition in which the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products and excess fluids from the blood. This leads to a buildup of toxins and fluids in the body, which can be life-threatening without t

AUDIO:   In this article, you’ll find answers to key questions commonly asked by patients with ischemic stroke and their loved ones. The information is entirely based on the summary and recommendations of the review publication “Treatments in Ischemic Stroke: Current and Future,”  published in the journal European Neurology  in 2022. The authors are Dr. Maria Giulia Mosconi and Prof. Maurizio Paciaroni—experts in cardiology, emergency medicine, and stroke—working at the Unive

AUDIO:   Stroke is one of the greatest challenges facing modern medicine and society, affecting millions of people worldwide every year. To provide the most up-to-date and objective information on the subject, this article is based entirely on the scientific review “Pathophysiology and Treatment of Stroke: Present Status and Future Perspectives”  – a peer-reviewed paper published in 2020 in the authoritative journal International Journal of Molecular Sciences . The authors of

AUDIO:  The information in the following Q&A is based entirely on the review article “Acute Ischemic Stroke” , published in 2020 in The...